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이 연구는 알콜중독자가 입원하여 해독치료가 끝난 후 인간잠재력훈련을 받을 경우 이 훈련이 자아강도와 우울, 불안 및 혈청 cortisol 농도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 궁극적으로는 알콜 중독자들이 퇴원하여 금주동우회에 참석하면서 사회에 잘 적응하도록 돕기 위하여 세 정신병원에 알콜중독으로 입원한 남자 환자중 실험군 23명과 대조군 16명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 실험처치로 4주간의 인간잠재력훈련을 실험군에게만 실시하여, 자아강도, 우울, 불안 및 혈청 cortisol농도에 미치는 영향을 paired t-test와 반복측정분산분석(Repeated Measures ANOVA)방법으로 평가한 결과 인간잠재력 훈련을 받은 알콜중독자가 대조군보다 자아강도가 증가되었으며, 우울, 불안과 적대감이 감소하였고 혈청 cortisol 농도가 정상범위내에서 증가하였다.
이상의 결과로부터 인간잠재력훈련은 알콜중독자의 사회 적응을 저해하는 우울, 불안 및 적대감을 감소시키며 전반적인 심리적 적용의 지표가 되는 자아강도를 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 인간잠재력훈련은 알콜중독자의 사회복귀로의 적응을 돕는데 효과적인 간호중재방안이 될 수 있으리라고 사료된다.
This study was designed to test effects human potential seminars(HPS) on the ego-strength, depression, anxiety and serum cortisol level of subjects. The HPS was modified by this researcher in order to make it applicable for alcoholics. Another purpose of this study was to motivate alcoholics to participate in Alcoholics Anoymous(AA) after a discharge and adapt themselves to the society.
Thirty-nine male inpatients by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-R(American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were sampled from three private mental hospitals from April 23rd, 1993 to June 9th, 1993. They were conviently divided into two groups: a control group of 16 and an experimental group of 23 individuals. Data were collected from all of the subjects simultaneously using standardized questionnaires and blood sampling before and after HPS.
HPS was imployed to the experimental group by the researcher and an assistant researcher who qualified to adminster group therapy. It was carried out 12 times(a total 30 hours) for 4 weeks by each hospital. The control group didn´t receive any treatment.
The study was on a parallel group design of treatment and control with pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results were as follows;
1. For the ego-strength score before and after treatment in two groups, it increased significantly after treatment in experimental group(P=.0001) and there were no significant differences in control group. For the change of ego-strength score between two groups, experimental subjects scored significantly higher than control subjects(P=.0024).
2. The chang depression level following treatment was measured by HDS, SDS, and SCL-90-R(DEP). In the experimental group, depression scores decreased significantly after treatment for all questionnaires (P=.0006, P=.0063, P=.0005, respectively), but in the control group, there were no significant differences. The analysis of change of depression level following treatment between two groups revealed that SCL-90-R(DEP) depression scores of experimental group subjects decreased significantly than those of control group subjects (P=.0092).
3. The change of anxiety level following treatment was measured by HAS, STAI, and SCL-90-R(ANX). In experimental group, anxiety scores decreased significantly after treatment for all questionnaires(P=.0002, P=.0081, P=.0078, respectively). In control group, HAS and SA scores decreased significantly after treatment (P=.0230, P=.0040, respectively). The analysis of change of anxiety level following treatment bween two groups revealed that SCL-90-R(ANX) anxiety scores of experimental group subjects decreased significantly than those of control group subjects(P=.0151).
4. Serum cortisol level increased significantly after treatment in experimental group(P=.0005), but it was in normal range. There was no significant difference in control group. The analysis of change of serum cortisol level following treatment between two group revealed that it increased significantly in experimental group than that of the control group(P=.0059).
These results indicat that HPS is effective increasing the ego-strength and decreasing the levels of depression, anxiety and hostility of alcoholics, and suggest that HPS could be an effective nursing intervention method for alcoholics.
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